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Best Shampoo ever made! Makes my hair lush and thicker! This shampoo is top notch and a must have!
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Always looking for a clean alternative for supplements. Great Taste. Excited to try other flavors.
I’ve used the shampoo & conditioner 3 times now and my hair is so soft, manageable and clean! Lovin’ it
Started using this product recently and so far I love it. Everything comes as listed, smells great and I feel like I’m washing my hair with a clean product. Can’t beat it.
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HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
HELLO EVERYONE.
Natural herbs have cured so many illness that drugs and injection cant cure. I''ve seen the great importance of natural herbs and the wonderful work they have done in people lives. i read testimonies online how they were cured of herpes, HIV, diabetics, cancer etc by Dr. Enosetale's herbal medicine, so i decided to contact him because i know nature has the power to heal anything. I was diagnosed with herpes for the past 9 months but Dr.Enosetale cured me with his herbs and i referred my aunt and her husband to him immediately because they were both suffering from herpes but they were cured too. Contact Dr.Enosetale via email on: dr.enosetale667@ gmail.com Whatsap no: +2347031966178thank you doc
Why Purishh?
Pure Ingredients
Handpicked and ethically sourced from trusted, natural farms.
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Each product is designed to protect, nourish, and enhance your skin’s natural balance.
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Embrace a balanced lifestyle with supplements and creams that work in harmony with your body.
Frequently Asked Question
What makes Purishh products different from conventional supplements or skincare?
What makes Purishh products different from conventional supplements or skincare?
Purishh’s mission is to return to the raw, unprocessed power of nature. Every product is formulated with 100 % natural ingredients and no synthetic preservatives, fillers, or dyes. For example, the Raw Honey Butter contains whipped Wagyu beef tallow, cold‑pressed olive and coconut oils, mango butter, raw honey and beeswax – it moisturizes deeply and can even replace conventional lotion. The Raw Tallow Sunbalm uses grass‑fed tallow, non‑nano zinc oxide and organic oils to provide mineral sun protection while nourishing the skin. Purishh’s Protein Powder combines grass‑fed whey and hydrolyzed collagen with organic superfoods to deliver 26 g of easily digestible protein with zero added sugar. Across their range, Purishh keeps ingredient lists short and transparent, using only what is necessary to support health and well‑being.
Are Purishh’s ingredients ethically and sustainably sourced?
Are Purishh’s ingredients ethically and sustainably sourced?
Yes. The founders emphasize sustainable sourcing and ethical treatment of animals and land. Tallow for the skincare range is hand‑sourced from 100 % grass‑fed, Wagyu, halal cattle in New Zealand, ensuring humane slaughter and optimal nutrient quality. Olive and coconut oils are single‑origin, cold‑pressed. The whey in Purishh protein powder comes from grass‑fed cows raised without hormones or antibiotics, and the collagen is hydrolyzed for better absorption. These practices mean customers receive products that are both pure and sustainable.
Why does Purishh use beef tallow in its skincare products?
Why does Purishh use beef tallow in its skincare products?
Grass‑fed beef tallow is biocompatible with human skin; its fatty‑acid profile closely resembles natural sebum, so it’s absorbed efficiently. Properly rendered tallow is a vitamin powerhouse, naturally supplying vitamins A, D, E, and K that support cell turnover, immune function, and antioxidant protection. Tallow also contains oleic, stearic and palmitic acids that strengthen the skin’s barrier, calm inflammation and maintain moisture. Grass‑fed tallow offers a high concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), an anti‑inflammatory fatty acid. These nutrients collectively help Purishh’s Raw Honey Butter and Raw Tallow Sunbalm to moisturize, nourish and protect the skin without clogging pores or causing irritation.
How is Purishh protein powder different, and why is it easy to digest?
How is Purishh protein powder different, and why is it easy to digest?
Many conventional protein powders use cheap sources and add artificial thickeners or sweeteners that cause bloating and digestive discomfort. Purishh starts with grass‑fed whey processed via cold‑filtration, which preserves natural enzymes and bioactive peptides that aid digestion. It also adds hydrolyzed bovine collagen to support joints, skin and gut health. The powder uses organic monk fruit for sweetness and contains no carrageenan, gums, sucralose or artificial preservatives, so it mixes smoothly and is gentle on the stomach. Each serving provides 26 g of complete protein with only 1 g of fat and zero sugar, making it suitable for keto, gluten‑free and non‑GMO diets.
What are Purishh Electrolytes, and how do they support hydration?
What are Purishh Electrolytes, and how do they support hydration?
Purishh’s Electrolytes formula offers clean hydration without the artificial colors and preservatives found in many sports drinks. Each serving includes over 800 mg of unrefined Himalayan salt, providing sodium and trace minerals, plus magnesium malate and potassium chloride. Organic fruit powders (raspberry or lemon‑lime) and monk fruit sweetener give a natural flavor without sugar. The formula helps replenish electrolytes lost through exercise, supports muscle function, and is keto‑friendly.
What is Raw Shilajit, and how should it be used?
What is Raw Shilajit, and how should it be used?
Raw Shilajit is a resin harvested from high‑altitude Himalayan rocks. It forms from decomposed plant material and is rich in minerals and fulvic acid. Traditionally used as an adaptogen, Shilajit helps boost energy, improve stamina and support overall health. Purishh provides 100 % pure Himalayan shilajit. Users typically dissolve a pea‑sized amount in warm water, tea or milk. Due to its potent minerals, start with a small dose and consult a healthcare professional if you have existing medical conditions.
What is the Ishh Leaky Gut Protocol?
What is the Ishh Leaky Gut Protocol?
The Ishh Leaky Gut Protocol is a step‑by‑step program designed to help restore gut health naturally. It includes dietary recommendations, lifestyle tips and natural supplements to support the intestinal lining. The protocol focuses on removing irritants, replenishing beneficial bacteria and repairing the gut barrier. It is not a medical treatment, so customers with chronic digestive issues should consult a healthcare professional before starting.
How should I store Purishh products?
How should I store Purishh products?
Store supplements and protein powders in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Skincare products like Raw Honey Butter and Raw Tallow Sunbalm are natural and free from artificial stabilizers; keeping them at room temperature helps maintain texture. If you live in a hot climate, refrigerating tallow‑based balms can prevent melting. Always use clean hands or a spatula to avoid introducing bacteria.
When will my order ship, and how long will delivery take?
When will my order ship, and how long will delivery take?
Purishh asks customers to allow 2–3 business days for processing and production before an order ships. Once dispatched, average transit times are 7–10 business days; however, natural disasters, holidays and weather can cause delays. Free standard shipping is offered on orders over US$150 (or equivalent), and shipping costs for smaller orders are calculated at checkout. Purishh cannot guarantee exact delivery dates because delivery is ultimately the responsibility of the shipping carrier.
Can I subscribe and save on regular purchases?
Can I subscribe and save on regular purchases?
Yes. Purishh offers a subscription program for products like protein powder. Subscribing gives 10 % off the regular price, and you can choose delivery intervals (e.g., monthly). Subscriptions auto‑renew, but you may skip or cancel at any time through your account.
Are Purishh products allergen‑free or suitable for special diets?
Are Purishh products allergen‑free or suitable for special diets?
Purishh formulates products without common synthetic additives, but some items may contain potential allergens. The protein powder contains whey (a dairy product) and collagen derived from bovine sources; it is unsuitable for vegans or those with dairy allergies. The Electrolytes formula is gluten‑free, sugar‑free and keto‑friendly. Always review ingredient lists carefully and consult your healthcare provider if you have specific allergies or dietary restrictions.
Where are Purishh products made?
Where are Purishh products made?
Purishh sources ingredients globally, such as New Zealand Wagyu tallow and Himalayan shilajit, but manufactures products in small batches under rigorous quality control. By keeping production small and hands‑on, Purishh can maintain freshness and ensure every batch meets the highest standards.
Pür Insights
Muscle Loss in Midlife: The Nutrition Side of the Conversation
Muscle Loss in Midlife: The Nutrition Side of the Conversation There is a framing problem with most content on this subject, and it is worth naming before anything else. Muscle loss in midlife gets discussed as a nutrition problem with a nutrition solution. Eat more protein, add the right supplements, and the decline slows. The research tells a different story, one where nutrition genuinely matters but occupies a supporting role rather than the leading one, and where the evidence for nutrition acting alone is considerably weaker than the marketing around it suggests. This post covers what the clinical research actually establishes: how muscle loss is defined and measured, what the real rates are, what nutrition contributes, and where the evidence stops. The honest version is more useful than the flattering one, particularly for anyone making decisions based on it. What is actually being measured The clinical term is sarcopenia, and its definition changed in a way that reveals something important about the condition itself. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People published its original diagnostic criteria in 2010, built primarily around low muscle mass. In 2019, the revised consensus, published as Cruz-Jentoft and colleagues in Age and Ageing, volume 48, issue 1, pages 16 to 31, made a significant change: it elevated low muscle strength to the primary diagnostic criterion, with muscle quantity serving as confirmation rather than the starting point. That shift was not arbitrary. It reflected accumulating evidence that strength predicts adverse outcomes better than mass does, and that the two do not decline at the same rate. Under EWGSOP2, the diagnostic pathway runs in stages. The SARC-F questionnaire, with a score of 4 or above, is used to identify people who may have sarcopenia. Grip strength and chair stand tests confirm low muscle strength. DXA and BIA are recommended for evaluating muscle quantity in usual clinical care, with DXA, MRI, or CT in research settings. Measures of physical performance, including the Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up and Go, and the 400-metre walk test, are used to assess severity. Severe sarcopenia is defined as poor physical performance alongside both low strength and low muscle quantity. Prevalence in community healthcare settings has been reported to reach up to 29 percent among older adults. The rates, and the detail most summaries miss EWGSOP2 describes muscle mass and strength as generally increasing through youth and young adulthood, reaching maximal levels up to roughly age 40, being maintained through midlife, and then declining with ageing. The specific figures cited in that consensus are worth reading carefully. Beyond age 50, reported losses run at 1 to 2 percent per year for leg muscle mass, and 1.5 to 5 percent per year for strength. Strength declines faster than mass. In some estimates, considerably faster. That asymmetry is the single most useful fact in this entire literature, and it gets almost no attention in consumer content. It means the thing you lose first, and fastest, is not size. It is the ability to produce force, which is what actually determines whether you can carry groceries up stairs, catch yourself when you stumble, or get out of a chair without using your arms. It also explains why EWGSOP2 reorganized its criteria around strength. If you monitor only muscle mass, you are tracking the slower-moving variable and missing the one more closely tied to function. Separately, multiple prospective studies have reported skeletal muscle mass decreasing by roughly 6 percent per decade after middle age, which is broadly consistent with the annual figures above. Where nutrition enters, and what it can actually do Here is where the evidence gets genuinely messy, and where honest reporting requires acknowledging contradictory findings rather than selecting the convenient ones. Protein without exercise. The results are inconsistent. Some clinical trials have found that diets providing 1.5 to 1.6 grams of protein per kilogram per day improved muscle mass without exercise, compared to diets providing 0.8 to 1.2 grams per kilogram, in older adults whose habitual intake sat around 0.8 to 1.1 grams per kilogram. Other work points the opposite direction. Tieland and colleagues found that protein supplementation of 0.41 grams per kilogram per day did not improve muscle mass without exercise when compared against an isocaloric placebo. A 2024 systematic review and meta-analysis examining dose, frequency, and timing of protein supplementation reported improved muscle mass gain from protein supplementation without exercise interventions, explicitly noting that this contradicted the findings of a recent earlier meta-analysis. So: the literature contains studies pointing both ways, and meta-analyses that disagree with each other. Anyone presenting protein-without-exercise as an established intervention for midlife muscle loss is describing a more settled field than exists. Protein with resistance training. This combination has stronger support, but the findings are more qualified than usually reported. A network meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials involving 2,610 participants found that combining protein supplementation with resistance training significantly improved lean body mass compared to protein supplementation alone, with a standardized mean difference of 0.44 and a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.05 to 0.95. But the same analysis found no differences on any outcome when comparing the combined treatment against resistance training alone. Adding protein to a resistance training program did not outperform the training program by itself. The authors described the effects of combining protein supplementation and resistance training in healthy older adults as remaining largely controversial. A separate systematic review and meta-analysis specifically examining whey protein supplementation during resistance exercise training in older people with sarcopenia did find whey more effective than training alone for handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass. The authors then qualified that finding directly: the effect sizes were small, the mean difference did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference, and the quality of evidence was rated low to very low under the GRADE framework. That is a research team reporting a positive result and then telling readers not to over-interpret it. Worth respecting rather than skipping past. The strongest combined finding. A network meta-analysis covering 96 studies and 7,596 participants found that resistance and balance training combined with protein-based nutritional supplementation was the most effective intervention across multiple outcomes: grip strength improved by a mean difference of 5.45 kilograms, gait speed by 0.20 metres per second, Short Physical Performance Battery score by 3.59 points, and skeletal muscle index by 0.95 kilograms per square metre. Note the structure of that finding. The winning intervention is training plus nutrition. Nutrition appears as a component of the most effective approach, not as the approach itself. Creatine, reported honestly Creatine has the most specific recent evidence in this population, and the numbers deserve to be reported with their confidence intervals rather than summarized as a positive result. A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis examining resistance training combined with creatine supplementation in older adults found that creatine plus resistance training significantly improved muscle strength compared to resistance training alone, with a Hedges' g of 0.31 and a 95 percent confidence interval of 0.18 to 0.45. The certainty of evidence for that outcome was rated moderate. The other two outcomes did not reach statistical significance. Muscle mass showed a pooled effect of 0.35 with a confidence interval of negative 0.09 to 0.78, rated low certainty. Physical function showed 0.47 with a confidence interval of negative 0.08 to 1.03 and a p-value of 0.086, rated very low certainty. So the honest summary for creatine in older adults: a small but statistically robust benefit for strength when added to resistance training, with moderate-quality evidence. No statistically significant effect on muscle mass or physical function in this analysis. Moderator analyses did not identify creatine dose, loading phase, intervention duration, training frequency, training intensity, sex, or testing site as stable sources of variation in the effect. A small strength benefit with moderate certainty is a genuinely reasonable thing to pursue. It is not the same claim as creatine preventing age-related muscle loss, and the difference matters. The hierarchy the evidence actually supports Putting this together produces a clear ordering, and it is not the ordering supplement marketing implies. Resistance training is the primary intervention. It appears in every effective protocol in this literature. Where nutrition has been tested against it head to head, training alone frequently matches combined approaches. Where combined approaches win, training is the component doing the heavy lifting. Adequate protein is the necessary foundation, not the active lever. Protein supports the adaptive response to training. In the absence of training, its independent effect on muscle mass is inconsistent across the literature and disputed between meta-analyses. Creatine is a modest, evidence-supported addition to a training program, with a small but reasonably certain benefit for strength specifically. Other nutritional interventions, including omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, have been examined in this population with mixed and generally smaller effects. A systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3 supplementation with or without resistance training in older adults, covering 16 studies and 2,438 participants, found effects that were inconsistent across measures. What this hierarchy means practically: if you are not doing resistance training, changing your protein intake is unlikely to be the deciding factor in your muscle trajectory. If you are doing resistance training, adequate protein makes that training more productive, and creatine adds a small increment on top of that. Why midlife specifically EWGSOP2 places peak muscle mass and strength at around age 40, with maintenance through midlife and decline thereafter. The measurable acceleration in the figures cited above begins beyond age 50. Midlife is therefore not when the decline is steepest. It is when the trajectory is being set. The muscle mass and strength you carry into your 50s and 60s determines how much you can afford to lose, and resistance training adaptations come more readily before anabolic resistance becomes pronounced than after. That is the honest case for paying attention at 40 to 50: not that requirements have changed dramatically, but that the intervention with the strongest evidence, resistance training, is easier to start and more productive now than it will be later. What is worth doing with this The practical implications follow directly from the hierarchy. Resistance training deserves the largest share of attention and effort, because that is where the evidence concentrates. Two to three sessions per week involving progressive loading is the intervention that appears in essentially every effective protocol in this literature. Adequate protein supports that training rather than substituting for it. The PROT-AGE and ESPEN recommendations of 1.0 to 1.2 and 1.0 to 1.5 grams per kilogram per day respectively are directed at adults over 65, and distribution across meals may matter as much as the daily total, given that muscle protein synthesis reaches a plateau at roughly 0.40 grams per kilogram per meal in older adults compared to 0.24 in younger adults. Creatine at standard doses is a reasonable addition alongside training, with realistic expectations set by the effect sizes above. And if you want to track whether any of this is working, strength measures are more informative than scale weight or body composition estimates, for the same reason EWGSOP2 made strength its primary criterion. Grip strength and chair stand performance are both measurable at home, change faster than mass, and correspond more closely to the function that actually matters. The honest summary Muscle loss in midlife is real, measurable, and clinically defined. Strength declines faster than mass, at roughly 1.5 to 5 percent per year beyond age 50 compared to 1 to 2 percent for leg muscle mass, which is why the current diagnostic consensus was reorganized around strength rather than size. Nutrition is one side of this conversation, and it is the smaller side. The evidence for protein supplementation without exercise is genuinely contradictory, with meta-analyses reaching opposing conclusions. The evidence for protein alongside resistance training is better but qualified, with one large network meta-analysis finding no advantage over resistance training alone and a sarcopenia-specific review reporting small effects that did not exceed the minimally important clinical difference, at low to very low evidence quality. Creatine plus resistance training produces a small, moderate-certainty benefit for strength, with no statistically significant effect on mass or physical function in the most recent three-level meta-analysis. Resistance training is the intervention with the strongest evidence. Nutrition makes it work better. Presenting it the other way around would be easier to sell and harder to defend, and the research does not support it.
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Protein After 40: Why the Standard Recommendation May Be Too Low
Protein After 40: Why the Standard Recommendation May Be Too Low The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight per day. It is the same number for a 25-year-old and a 75-year-old, the same for men and women, and it has been the reference point for decades. Multiple expert groups now consider that figure inadequate for older adults, and have published formal recommendations saying so. The reasoning behind their position is sound and worth understanding in detail. So is the more awkward question of exactly when in life those recommendations start applying, because the answer is later than most content on this subject implies, and being precise about that matters more than being motivating. What the RDA was actually designed to answer The RDA is not an optimum. It is a minimum, and the distinction is not semantic. An RDA is defined as the intake sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in a population, which in practice means the amount that prevents measurable deficiency. For protein, that figure was derived primarily from nitrogen balance studies, which measure nitrogen intake against nitrogen excretion and identify the point at which a person is no longer in negative balance. Nitrogen balance answers a specific question: how much protein do you need to avoid losing body protein. It does not answer a different and arguably more relevant question: how much protein supports optimal muscle maintenance, strength, and function over decades. Those are not the same target, and the methodology used to set the RDA was never designed to find the second one. There is also a technical criticism of the underlying data. The 0.8 gram figure rests on linear regression of nitrogen balance data collected at test protein intakes close to or below zero balance, which means the estimate was extrapolated from a range of intakes clustered near the deficiency threshold rather than measured across the range people actually eat. A different method, a substantially higher number The most direct challenge to the RDA comes from a different analytical approach entirely. The indicator amino acid oxidation method, usually abbreviated IAAO, estimates protein requirements by measuring how the body oxidizes a tracked amino acid at varying protein intakes. Studies using this method have estimated protein requirements at approximately 0.9 grams per kilogram per day as an estimated average requirement and 1.2 grams per kilogram per day as an RDA equivalent. That is roughly 40 percent higher than the current recommendation, and the finding holds on a body weight basis as well as when calculated against fat-free mass. One detail from this research is worth sitting with, because it complicates the usual framing of this topic. The IAAO work found no difference in requirement on a sex basis, and no difference per kilogram of body weight between younger and older adults. In other words, this line of evidence suggests the RDA may be too low for essentially everyone, not specifically too low for older adults. That is a meaningfully different claim than the one usually made, and it does not obviously support an age-specific recommendation. It is worth including precisely because it cuts against the tidy version of this story. Anabolic resistance: the mechanism behind the age-specific case The argument for age-specific higher intake rests on a separate line of evidence, centered on a phenomenon called anabolic resistance. In younger adults, a moderate dose of protein triggers a robust muscle protein synthesis response. In older adults, the same dose produces a blunted response. The muscle is less sensitive to the same stimulus. The mechanism has been characterized reasonably well. Leucine is a key activator of the mTOR pathway, which initiates muscle protein synthesis following a meal. In older populations, mTOR activation and the subsequent synthesis response to protein intake are reduced, suggesting greater amounts of leucine specifically may be needed to produce comparable results. Several additional factors compound this. Splanchnic extraction, the proportion of ingested amino acids taken up by the gut and liver before reaching circulation, increases with age, meaning less of what you eat reaches muscle. Insulin resistance, reduced physical activity, reduced appetite, and chronic inflammatory conditions all contribute independently. The practical consequence is that older adults need a larger stimulus to achieve the same anabolic effect, which is the core justification for recommending higher intake. What the expert groups actually recommend, and for whom This is where precision matters most, because the specific recommendations are frequently cited without their population. The PROT-AGE Study Group, convened by the European Union Geriatric Medicine Society in cooperation with other scientific organizations, published a position paper by Bauer and colleagues in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association in 2013. Their recommendation: older people should consume an average daily intake in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 grams per kilogram per day. The paper states directly that in the view of the working group, the existing RDA is too low for older people. The population that recommendation addresses is specified in the paper as people over 65. The ESPEN Expert Group, through Deutz and colleagues in Clinical Nutrition in 2014, reached a broadly similar conclusion, endorsing roughly 1.0 to 1.5 grams per kilogram per day for people over 65. Higher figures appear for specific subgroups. Recommendations in the 1.2 to 1.6 gram range have been proposed for older adults specifically to account for anabolic resistance and limit muscle loss, with 1.2 grams often cited for those who exercise, and 1.2 to 1.5 grams for older adults with chronic or acute conditions or elevated frailty risk. So the formal expert recommendations to exceed the RDA are directed at adults over 65. They are not recommendations for adults over 40, and presenting them as such would be a misattribution. So what actually happens at 40? The honest answer is that 40 is a point on a trajectory rather than a threshold where requirements change. Muscle mass declines gradually from around age 30, with commonly cited estimates of 3 to 8 percent loss per decade, accelerating after 60. At 40, that process is underway but not advanced. The anabolic resistance research is concentrated in considerably older populations, and the expert recommendations follow that evidence. What makes 40 a reasonable time to pay attention is not that your requirement jumps, but that the habits and muscle mass you carry into your 50s, 60s, and 70s determine how much you have to lose when the decline does accelerate. Building and maintaining muscle is substantially easier before anabolic resistance becomes pronounced than after. That is a prevention argument rather than a requirement argument, and it is the more defensible one. Anyone writing that people over 40 need 1.2 grams per kilogram because expert groups say so is stretching recommendations written for a different population. The underlying reasoning may still support paying attention earlier. The specific numbers were not derived for that age group. Where a genuine sex difference does appear For women specifically, there is a real, documented inflection point, and its timing is worth knowing precisely. The literature describes an accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength in women around the time of menopause that is not observed in age-matched men. Bamman and colleagues, in work published in 2003, found that postmenopausal women show reduced sensitivity to anabolic stimuli compared to age-matched men, and Smith and colleagues in 2008 reported that the muscle protein synthesis rate in response to feeding is also reduced in postmenopausal women. Here is the detail that matters for a post about turning 40: the same body of research reports no significant sex difference in the response to training and nutrition in middle-aged adults. The divergence appears around and after menopause, not in midlife generally. Menopause occurs at an average age of 51. Perimenopause precedes it, typically beginning in the mid-to-late 40s, though timing varies substantially between individuals. So for women, the period where the evidence genuinely supports elevated attention to protein sits closer to the late 40s and beyond than to 40 exactly. One longitudinal study of 200 women reported a 15 percent decrease in muscle mass and a 20 percent decrease in grip strength over five years following menopause. Given that women now spend more than a third of their lives in the postmenopausal period, that trajectory is worth taking seriously. The limits of the estrogen explanation The obvious hypothesis is that declining estrogen directly drives reduced muscle protein synthesis, and it is worth being honest that the human evidence for this is weaker than the popular version suggests. Animal studies are relatively clear. Ovariectomy increases expression of catabolic factors and decreases expression of anabolic factors, and these effects can be reversed with estradiol treatment, suggesting a direct or indirect role for estrogen in regulating muscle protein turnover. Human studies are considerably less consistent. A systematic review examining estrogen's role in female skeletal muscle aging found minimal differences in anabolic and catabolic signaling markers with exogenous estrogen supplementation, and concluded that while estrogen deficiency appears to produce negative protein balance in animal models, this is not replicated in humans, possibly because menopause represents a less extreme estrogen deficiency model than surgical ovariectomy in animals. The same review cautioned that it may be too simplistic to argue estrogen has a purely anabolic role in muscle. So: the observation that women lose muscle faster around menopause is well documented. The mechanistic explanation, that this is straightforwardly caused by estrogen withdrawal reducing muscle protein synthesis, is supported more strongly in animal models than in humans and remains an active area of investigation rather than a settled account. The finding that is probably more actionable than total daily intake Buried in the PROT-AGE recommendations is a detail that may matter more practically than the daily total, and it gets far less attention. The per-meal anabolic threshold is higher in older individuals. PROT-AGE specifies roughly 25 to 30 grams of protein per meal, containing approximately 2.5 to 2.8 grams of leucine, compared to a lower threshold in young adults. This reframes the problem. Someone eating 100 grams of protein daily but taking 10 at breakfast, 20 at lunch, and 70 at dinner may be hitting an adequate daily total while clearing the per-meal threshold only once. Someone eating the same total distributed as 30, 35, and 35 clears it three times. PROT-AGE notes this suggests benefits to distributing protein evenly across breakfast, lunch, and supper, while acknowledging that some studies have also shown anabolic benefits from pulse feeding, meaning one main high-protein meal, and that further clinical work is needed to determine whether both patterns are effective or one is clearly superior. For most people, the breakfast meal is where the gap is largest, since typical breakfasts in many Western dietary patterns are considerably lower in protein than lunch or dinner. What this means for protein source If the per-meal leucine threshold is the operative constraint, then protein quality matters alongside quantity, and this is worth being direct about even where it cuts against a convenient conclusion. Leucine content varies substantially between protein sources. Whey is unusually leucine-dense and clears the threshold efficiently at modest serving sizes. Collagen is not: it lacks tryptophan entirely and is comparatively low in leucine, which means gram for gram it contributes less to the specific muscle protein synthesis signal this research describes. That does not make collagen useless. It has its own well-supported applications in skin and connective tissue, which we have written about elsewhere. But for the specific job of clearing a per-meal leucine threshold in a population with anabolic resistance, a collagen-heavy blend is not the optimal tool, and anyone selecting a protein primarily for that purpose should weight toward whey or another leucine-dense complete source. Practical numbers, with appropriate caveats For a 70 kilogram person, the RDA works out to 56 grams daily. The PROT-AGE range of 1.0 to 1.2 grams per kilogram works out to 70 to 84 grams. The upper ranges cited for active older adults or those managing chronic conditions, 1.2 to 1.6 grams per kilogram, work out to 84 to 112 grams. On safety, protein intakes up to 1.6 grams per kilogram per day have not been shown to cause kidney damage in people with healthy kidneys. Anyone with diagnosed chronic kidney disease should follow their physician's guidance, which frequently involves protein restriction rather than increase. The disagreement worth acknowledging These recommendations have not achieved universal agreement, and discourse among experts remains ongoing. That is stated explicitly in the current literature rather than being an outside criticism. The IAAO findings suggesting the RDA is too low for all adults regardless of age, the expert group recommendations targeting adults over 65 specifically, and the continued use of 0.8 grams per kilogram as the official RDA represent genuinely different positions held by credible researchers working from different methodologies. Anyone presenting this as settled is describing a more resolved field than actually exists. The honest summary The RDA of 0.8 grams per kilogram is a deficiency-prevention floor derived from a methodology that was never designed to identify an optimum. Multiple lines of evidence suggest it is too low, though they disagree about for whom. The formal expert recommendations to exceed it, from PROT-AGE and ESPEN, are directed at adults over 65 and land in the range of 1.0 to 1.2 or 1.0 to 1.5 grams per kilogram respectively. Those numbers were not derived for 40-year-olds, and citing them as such is a misattribution even when the underlying reasoning is sound. For women, the documented acceleration in muscle loss and the reduced anabolic response appear around and after menopause, at an average age of 51, rather than in midlife generally. Research specifically reports no significant sex difference in the response to training and nutrition in middle-aged adults. What holds up at 40 is a trajectory argument: muscle decline is already underway, the habits and muscle mass you build now determine what you carry into the decades where decline accelerates, and building muscle is easier before anabolic resistance becomes pronounced than after. And the per-meal distribution finding, 25 to 30 grams containing 2.5 to 2.8 grams of leucine, may be the most immediately actionable thing in this entire body of research, because it is a change most people can make without eating more protein at all.
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Women Store 70–80% Less Creatine Than Men: What That Means for Dosing
Women Store 70–80% Less Creatine Than Men: What That Means for Dosing The short answer is that it means considerably less than most people assume, and understanding why turns out to be more useful than the statistic itself. The figure is real. It comes from Smith-Ryan, Cabre, Eckerson, and Candow's 2021 review in Nutrients, and it accurately reports that women exhibit 70 to 80 percent lower endogenous creatine stores than men. But the inference people draw from it, that women therefore need a different dose, does not follow from the underlying physiology. What actually determines your creatine dose is something more mundane and more measurable, and this post walks through what that is, what the research-established formulas actually say, and the specific situations where dosing genuinely does change. Why lower total stores does not mean a different dose Roughly 95 percent of the body's total creatine pool sits in skeletal muscle, with the remainder distributed across brain, kidney, liver, and testes. The total creatine pool scales roughly linearly with total muscle mass. More muscle means more storage capacity, which means a larger total pool. That single fact explains the 70 to 80 percent difference almost entirely. Men carry more skeletal muscle on average. They therefore hold more total creatine. The difference is a statement about body composition, not about how depleted anyone's muscle tissue actually is. The same 2021 review makes this clearer by reporting something most articles citing the headline figure leave out: women have higher reported resting intramuscular creatine concentrations, by roughly 10 percent. Concentration within the tissue and total pool size are different measures, and they point in different directions here. Which means the practical question was never "what sex are you." It was always "how much muscle are you carrying," and there is an established way to answer that. What actually determines your dose The most authoritative source on creatine dosing is the International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand, published by Kreider and colleagues in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition in 2017, volume 14, article 18. It synthesizes evidence from over 500 peer-reviewed studies and remains the most cited document in the field. It establishes two body-weight-scaled formulas. For loading: approximately 0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, for five to seven days, split into three or four smaller doses across the day. For maintenance: approximately 0.03 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, exactly one tenth of the loading figure. Some sources extend this to a 0.03 to 0.05 range for additional precision. That ten-to-one ratio is not arbitrary. Loading fills the entire pool rapidly. Maintenance only needs to replace daily turnover, which runs at roughly 1.7 percent of the pool per day. You are topping off a reservoir rather than filling it, and the dose reflects that. Notice what is absent from both formulas: any sex variable at all. A 70 kilogram woman and a 70 kilogram man with comparable muscle mass arrive at the same number, because the formula is keyed to the thing that actually governs storage capacity. Where the standard 3 to 5 grams came from The familiar 3 to 5 gram recommendation is not a separate system. It is the body-weight formula rounded into a practical default. The 0.3 grams per kilogram loading figure was derived from the original studies, which used 20 grams daily in subjects averaging roughly 65 to 75 kilograms. Run the maintenance formula on that same range and you land between roughly 2 and 2.3 grams, which is why 3 to 5 grams sits comfortably above the calculated minimum for most adults while remaining simple enough to fit on a scoop. Working the math for specific body weights makes the practical implications clearer. A 55 kilogram person calculates to roughly 1.7 grams maintenance and 16.5 grams loading. A 70 kilogram person calculates to roughly 2.1 grams maintenance and 21 grams loading. A 90 kilogram person calculates to roughly 2.7 grams maintenance and 27 grams loading. A 110 kilogram person calculates to roughly 3.3 grams maintenance and 33 grams loading. Two things stand out. First, almost everyone's calculated maintenance dose falls at or below the standard 3 to 5 gram range, which means the conventional recommendation is generous rather than insufficient for most people. Second, the loading figures diverge substantially by body size, which is where the standard flat 20 gram loading protocol becomes genuinely imprecise. Handing a 55 kilogram beginner and a 110 kilogram powerlifter the same 20 grams gives one person meaningfully more than the formula calls for and the other meaningfully less. What happens if you take more than you need This is worth addressing directly, because it affects how much precision actually matters in practice. Creatine storage has a ceiling. Once muscle stores are saturated, additional creatine does not continue accumulating. The excess is excreted in urine. For a smaller person taking 5 grams when the formula calculates 2 grams, the practical consequence is simply more urinary creatine excretion, not an adverse effect. That has a useful implication. The body-weight calculation is most valuable for reassurance rather than precision. If you are a smaller person who has wondered whether the standard scoop is too much, the formula confirms you do not need the upper end of the range. If convenience favors a standard scoop, the excess is handled without issue. Where the calculation matters more is at the other end. For people above roughly 100 kilograms with high lean body mass, the standard 5 gram maintenance dose approaches the calculated minimum rather than exceeding it comfortably, which makes the upper end of the standard range the appropriate target rather than the generous one. The one situation where women's dosing genuinely differs There is a real, research-supported case where dosing for women departs from the standard protocol, and it is not the one the 70 to 80 percent statistic is usually used to support. The 2021 Smith-Ryan review found that post-menopausal women may experience benefits in skeletal muscle size and function when consuming high-dose creatine, specifically 0.3 grams per kilogram per day, for at least seven consecutive days. That is the loading-phase figure, sustained, rather than the maintenance figure. For a 70 kilogram woman, that works out to roughly 21 grams daily, which is a meaningfully different protocol from the routine 3 to 5 grams. One study cited in that review, work by Neves and colleagues, used a loading phase of 20 grams daily for seven days followed by a maintenance phase of 5 grams daily for 79 days, alongside 12 weeks of supervised lower-limb resistance training. This is a genuine, population-specific dosing difference grounded in research rather than inference. It is also a substantially higher dose than most people take, and anyone considering it, particularly alongside other medications or health conditions, has good reason to discuss it with their doctor first rather than adopting it from an article. It is worth being equally clear about the adjacent population. The 2025 review by Smith-Ryan and colleagues in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition notes explicitly that data on perimenopausal women remains limited, and identifies it as a target for future research. The post-menopausal high-dose finding does not automatically transfer to perimenopause, and the reviews themselves say so. The population with a genuine depletion argument Interestingly, the depletion logic that gets misapplied to sex differences does hold up in a different group. Creatine comes from two sources: endogenous synthesis from arginine, glycine, and methionine, and dietary intake, which comes almost exclusively from meat and fish. Vegetarians and vegans consume very little dietary creatine, which means their baseline stores genuinely sit lower than those of omnivores at comparable muscle mass. This is a concentration-level difference, not a total-pool difference driven by body size, which makes it a fundamentally different claim than the sex comparison. That matters for expectations rather than dose. The formula does not change, but people starting from a genuinely lower baseline have more room for supplementation to raise stores, and some research in vegetarian populations has reported more pronounced effects for exactly this reason. Relatedly, the 2021 review notes that women have been reported to consume significantly lower amounts of dietary creatine than men. That is a real and separate observation from the total-stores figure, and it is arguably the more defensible reason to consider supplementing, since it describes an actual intake gap rather than a body-composition difference. Loading versus not loading The formulas above describe two routes to the same destination. Loading at 0.3 grams per kilogram daily for five to seven days saturates muscle stores quickly, after which you drop to maintenance. Skipping loading entirely and starting at maintenance level from day one reaches the same saturation point in roughly three to four weeks. The endpoint is identical. Loading is a speed decision, not an efficacy decision. If you do load, splitting the daily total into three or four doses matters more than most people realize. A 21 gram daily load taken in a single sitting is a substantial amount for the digestive system to process at once, and gastrointestinal discomfort is a common result. Split across four roughly 5 gram servings through the day, the same total is considerably better tolerated without changing how much reaches muscle. Some research also indicates that co-ingesting creatine with carbohydrates and protein improves retention compared to taking it with low-carbohydrate intake, which is a modest but real reason to take it alongside a meal, particularly during a loading phase. The blood test detail worth knowing This is practical rather than dose-related, but it comes up often enough to include. Creatine supplementation raises serum creatinine, which is a standard marker used in kidney function panels. This is a direct metabolic byproduct of creatine itself, not an indication of kidney damage. The ISSN review found no adverse effects on kidney function in healthy adults at recommended doses. The practical consequence: if you have routine bloodwork while supplementing, tell your clinician you are taking creatine so the result gets interpreted correctly. An elevated creatinine reading in someone supplementing creatine means something different than the same number in someone who is not, and a doctor who does not know can reasonably be concerned by a result that has a benign explanation. Anyone with existing kidney conditions should discuss creatine with a physician before starting, which is standard guidance for this population rather than a general warning. Putting it together If you want a personalized number rather than a default, the calculation is straightforward. Take your body weight in kilograms and multiply by 0.03 for a maintenance dose, or by 0.3 for a loading dose if you choose to load. Convert from pounds by dividing by 2.2 first. For nearly everyone, that maintenance calculation will land at or below the standard 3 to 5 grams, which means the conventional recommendation already covers you. The calculation is most useful as confirmation that smaller individuals are not underdosing at 3 grams, and that people at the higher end of body weight should be targeting the upper rather than lower end of the standard range. Consistency matters considerably more than precision. Creatine works by maintaining saturated stores over time, which means taking a slightly imprecise dose every day outperforms taking a perfectly calculated dose sporadically. Timing within the day is not a meaningful variable for the same reason. The honest summary The 70 to 80 percent statistic is accurate and well-sourced, and it describes a real difference in total endogenous creatine stores between men and women. It does not establish that women need a different dose, because total stores are driven primarily by muscle mass while the dosing formulas are already keyed to body weight, which accounts for that difference directly. What the established research actually supports is a body-weight-scaled approach: roughly 0.03 grams per kilogram daily for maintenance, roughly 0.3 grams per kilogram daily for a five to seven day loading phase if you choose to use one, with no sex variable in either formula. The standard 3 to 5 gram recommendation is that formula rounded into a practical default, and it sits comfortably above most people's calculated minimum. The genuine exceptions are specific: post-menopausal women in the research showing benefits at sustained high doses, people above roughly 100 kilograms who should target the upper end of the standard range, and vegetarians and vegans whose lower baseline reflects an actual dietary gap rather than a body-composition difference. That is a less dramatic answer than the headline statistic implies. It is also a more useful one, because it gives you a number you can actually calculate rather than a comparison that does not translate into an action.
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